水稻籽粒性状是水稻产量构成的重要因子。反映籽粒形状的指标主要有粒长、粒宽、粒厚及长宽比,而尤以粒长最能反映籽粒形状,籽粒大小则多以千粒重计量。其中水稻粒长遗传复杂,研究结果因材料选择的不同而不同,选择籽粒粒形性状差异大的特殊材料进行研究,结论多趋向于质量性状控制,选择籽粒粒形性状差异小的材料进行研究,结论趋向于数量性状控制。关于粒宽的研究,多数研究结果表明,粒宽由多基因所控制,也有研究认为,个别品种的粒宽受单基因或主效基因所控制,显性方向因组合而不同,且存在细胞质效应。长宽比是决定稻米外观品质的重要指标之一,众多研究表明,谷粒长宽比在F2中基本上表现为正态分布。长宽比性状中加性和非加性基因效应都很显著,以加性效应为主。关于粒厚遗传的研究结论相差不大,多数研究表明粒厚受多基因控制。大部分研究认为,粒重在F2代基本上呈正态分布,是由多基因加性效应所控制的数量性状。也有研究认为,粒重的遗传受许多非等位基因的相互作用,存在细胞质效应。在遗传环境中,一般认为粒重是受多基因的加性效应所控制。笔者认为,粒重的遗传不能简单的看作数量性状遗传,粒重的遗传研究结果与研究过程中选择材料的不同而不同。有些特殊材料的粒重遗传就表现为质量性状。随着水稻粒形研究的深入,近年来,越来越多的学者开始研究粒形各性状间的遗传关系。多数研究认为,粒长与长宽比、千粒重以及粒宽与粒厚、千粒重均呈正相关;粒宽与长宽比呈负相关,与粒厚呈正相关;粒厚与千粒重呈正相关。经过多年的遗传研究探索,水稻粒形遗传研究取得了较大的进展,但在某些方面仍有待加强。在水稻粒形遗传中,需拓宽粒形研究面、加强粒形遗传机制研究和对特色资源粒形遗传及潜在价值研究等。 Rice grain traits are important factors in rice yield composition. Grain size reflects the main indicators of grain length, grain width, grain thickness and aspect ratio, especially in the grain length can best reflect the grain shape, the grain size is more than 1000 grain weight measurement. Among them, the grain length of rice is hereditary and complicated, and the research results are different due to different material selection. The special materials with large differences in grain shape are selected to study. The results tend to be controlled by quality traits, and the materials with small grain- The conclusion tends to be quantitative trait control. For the study of grain width, most of the results show that the grain width is controlled by multiple genes. Some studies also believe that the grain width of individual varieties is controlled by single gene or major gene, the dominant direction is different due to combination, and the cytoplasmic effect exists . Aspect ratio is one of the most important indexes to determine the appearance quality of rice. Numerous researches show that the aspect ratio of grain is basically normal distribution in F2. The additive and non-additive gene effects of aspect ratio traits are significant, with additive effect as the main factor. There is not much difference between the results of genetic studies on grain thickness, and most studies show that grain thickness is controlled by multiple genes. Most studies suggest that grain weight is basically normal distribution in F2 generation and is a quantitative trait controlled by the additive effect of multiple genes. There are also studies suggest that grain weight is inherited by many non-allelic interactions, there is a cytoplasmic effect. In the genetic environment, grain weight is generally thought to be governed by the additive effects of multiple genes. In my opinion, the heredity of grain weight can not simply be regarded as genetic inheritance of quantitative traits. The results of genetic studies of grain weight are different from those of the selected materials in the research process. Some special materials, the weight of the genetic performance of quality traits. In recent years, more and more scholars have started to study the genetic relationship among grain traits with the further research on rice grain shape. Most studies suggest that grain length and aspect ratio, grain weight and grain width and grain thickness, grain weight were positively correlated; grain width and aspect ratio was negatively correlated with grain thickness was positively correlated; grain thickness and 1000-grain weight was positively correlated. After many years of genetic research and exploration, great progress has been made in the research of rice grain genetic inheritance, but it still needs to be strengthened in some aspects. In rice grain genetic research, it is necessary to broaden the research area of ​​grain shape, to strengthen the study of genetic mechanism of grain shape and to study the grain inheritance and potential value of characteristic resources.