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目的对儿童原发性中枢神经系统肿瘤的发病情况作分析调查。方法回顾性分析763例18岁以下儿童原发性中枢神经系统肿瘤病例的年龄和性别的分布情况与肿瘤的发生部位、病理学类型和分级。结果 763例患儿的平均年龄为12.7岁,男女比例为1.56:1。其中颅内肿瘤占93.4%(713/763),脊髓肿瘤占6.6%(50/763)。颅内肿瘤中,相对于幕下肿瘤(30.5%,233/763)来说,以幕上(包括松果体-四叠体区)的肿瘤(62.4%,476/763)为主。本组病例中,经病理学诊断患儿为688例,经临床诊断患儿35例。其中最常见的5种肿瘤分别为:星形细胞肿瘤(25.7%,177/688),颅咽管瘤(12.8%,88/688),髓母细胞瘤(9.3%,64/688),生殖细胞肿瘤(8.9%,61/688),垂体瘤(7.5%,52/688)。结论儿童原发性中枢神经系统肿瘤的发病具有其特殊性,对其诊断与治疗有指导性。因此,根据儿童的特点处理原发性神经系统肿瘤,能够在尽可能保留神经系统功能的情况下,综合治疗病灶。
Objective To analyze the incidence of primary central nervous system tumors in children. Methods A retrospective analysis of 763 cases of children under the age of 18 cases of primary central nervous system tumors of the age and sex distribution and tumor location, pathology and grading. Results The mean age of 763 children was 12.7 years, with a ratio of 1.56: 1. Including intracranial tumors accounted for 93.4% (713/763), spinal cord tumors accounted for 6.6% (50/763). Among intracranial tumors, tumors in the supratentorial space (62.4%, 476/763) were predominant compared with supratentorial tumors (30.5%, 233/763). In this group of patients, the pathological diagnosis of children was 688 cases, 35 cases of clinical diagnosis of children. The most common of them were astrocytoma (25.7%, 177/688), craniopharyngioma (12.8%, 88/688), medulloblastoma (9.3%, 64/688) Cell tumors (8.9%, 61/688), pituitary tumors (7.5%, 52/688). Conclusion The incidence of primary central nervous system tumors in children has its own particularity, which is instructive in its diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, the treatment of primary neurological tumors according to the characteristics of children can treat the lesions comprehensively while preserving the nervous system function as much as possible.