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随着涉及双边市场业务的反垄断案例增多,双边市场的本质特征和相关市场的边界需要进一步明确。本文回顾了文献中提出的三种识别双边市场的要素:倾斜式定价结构、群体间网络外部性及合约控制权,并指出其中的不足和由此引发的争议。将双边市场划分为双边交易类和双边非交易类可以较好地调和不同概念中存在的矛盾。双边性并不是市场内生的结构特征,而应被视作平台企业的一种内生决策变量,事前把某行业或企业断然归为单边或双边市场是不恰当的。
As the number of antitrust cases involving bilateral market operations has increased, the essential features of the bilateral markets and the boundaries of the relevant markets need to be further clarified. This article reviews three elements identified in the literature that identify bilateral markets: the oblique pricing structure, the network externalities and contractual controls, and points out the deficiencies and the resulting controversies. Dividing the bilateral markets into bilateral transactions and bilateral non-transactions can better reconcile the contradictions in different concepts. Bilateralism is not an endogenous structural feature of the market. It should be regarded as an endogenous decision-making variable for platform enterprises. It is not appropriate to categorize an industry or enterprise as a unilateral or bilateral market in advance.