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目的:试验分析生物质炭土壤施用对三七主根农药残留积累的效应,为中药材农药残留控制提供科学依据和技术参考。方法:于2014年1月在云南省文山州三七种植基地布置田间试验,试验设生物质炭(15 t/hm~2)、有机肥(0.75 t/hm~2)及对照(不施任一种有机物料)3个处理,分别在停药期和喷药期采集三七根系分布层土壤及三七主根样品,分别用高效液相色谱仪法(HPLC)和气相质谱联用仪法(GC/MS)测定土壤和三七主根中杀菌剂腐霉利含量。结果:与对照相比,施用生物质炭下土壤有机碳、全氮和速效钾的含量分别提高了126.3%~134.6%、33.7%~36.5%和74.7%~80.2%,且停药期和喷药期无显著差异。施用生物质炭显著提高三七主根重(29%),而有机肥处理与对照无显著差异。停药期,对照土壤腐霉利含量低于检测限(0.032 mg/kg),有机肥处理下为0.12mg/kg,而生物质炭处理下增高到0.72 mg/kg;而喷药期,土壤腐霉利残留在有机肥处理与对照间无显著差异,但生物质炭处理较对照土壤增高近7倍。相反,生物质炭处理在喷药期和停药期三七主根腐霉利残留量较对照分别降低34%和39%,而有机肥处理在喷药期比对照提高36%,尽管停药期无明显差异。计算表明,与对照相比,生物质炭大幅度(>90%)降低三七对腐霉利残留的根富集系数。结论:施用生物质炭能显著提高三七药园土壤肥力,提升三七主根重量,且在增加土壤吸附固定腐霉利的同时显著降低三七主根腐霉利残留富集。因此,生物质炭可以替代有机肥用于三七的种植。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of soil biochar application on pesticide residue accumulation in Panax notoginseng and to provide a scientific basis and technical reference for pesticide residue control of Chinese medicinal materials. Methods: In January 2014, field experiments were conducted in Panax notoginseng plantation in Wenshan prefecture of Yunnan province. The experiment included biochar (15 t / hm 2), organic fertilizer (0.75 t / hm 2) and control An organic material) were collected from the soil of Panax notoginseng root and Panax notoginseng root samples during the withdrawal and spraying periods, respectively. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry GC / MS) was used to determine the concentration of pyrethrigens in soil and Panax notoginseng. Results: Compared with the control, the content of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and available potassium increased by 126.3% -134.6%, 33.7% -36.5% and 74.7% -80.2%, respectively, compared with the control. No significant difference in drug duration. Application of biomass charcoal significantly increased the main root weight of Panax notoginseng (29%), while there was no significant difference between organic manure and control. During the withdrawal period, the control soil deoxynivalenol content was lower than the detection limit (0.032 mg / kg), organic fertilizer treatment was 0.12mg / kg, while biomass carbon treatment increased to 0.72 mg / kg; spraying period, soil There was no significant difference between the treatment with organic manure and the control by the pythonicum residue, but the biomass carbon treatment increased by nearly 7 times compared with the control soil. On the contrary, biochar treatment decreased 34% and 39%, respectively, of the main residues of Pythium, compared with the control, while the organic manure treatment increased by 36% in the spraying period compared with the control, although the withdrawal period No significant difference. Calculations showed that biomass carbon (> 90%) significantly reduced the root enrichment coefficient of Sanqi on remifentanil compared with the control. CONCLUSION: Biomass charcoal can significantly improve the soil fertility of Panax Notoginseng Park and enhance the weight of Panax notoginseng root, and significantly reduce the residual enrichment of the fungi of Panax notoginseng while increasing soil adsorption and immobilization of the fungus. Therefore, bio-carbon can replace organic fertilizer for the cultivation of notoginseng.