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目的：观察实验性兔腰髓缺血４０ｍｉｎ和再灌流４ｈ的脊髓运动神经元胞体和轴突的病理学改变。方法：用免疫组织化学方法观察神经丝（ｎｅｕｒｏｆｉｌａｍｅｎｔｓ，ＮＦ）抗体特异标记神经元胞体和轴突，并对其结果进行图像分析。结果：缺血４０ｍｉｎ，脊髓前角运动神经元胞体和轴突内神经丝反应异常增强，胞体内神经丝分布紊乱聚集。再灌流４ｈ，脊髓前角运动神经元胞体和轴突内神经丝反应阳性，胞体内神经丝散乱、稀疏、崩溃和溶解，轴突肿胀、扩大、消失。图像分析了脊髓前角运动神经元胞体内神经丝的面积、灰度和脊髓前索内轴突的数量，其结果具有明显的统计学意义。结论：神经丝免疫组织化学方法能更清楚地显示脊髓运动神经元胞体和轴突的病理学改变，脊髓损伤后细胞骨架紊乱在神经元的病理发病机制中起重要作用。
OBJECTIVE: To observe the pathological changes of motor neuron soma and axons in experimental rabbit lumbar spinal cord ischemia 40 minutes and reperfusion 4 hours. Methods: Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the neuronal cell bodies and axons labeled with neurofilaments (NF), and the results were analyzed by image analysis. Results: After ischemia for 40 min, the anomalies of neurofilament in motor cell bodies and axons in the anterior horn of spinal cord were abnormally enhanced, and the distribution of neurofilament in the cell body was disorganized. After reperfusion for 4h, neurons in the anterior horn of spinal motor neurons and neurons in axons were positive. The neurofilaments in the spinal cord were scattered, sparse, collapsed and dissolved, and the axons swollen, enlarged and disappeared. Image analysis of spinal motor anterior horn motor neurons in vivo neurofilament area, gray scale and spinal cord anterior axon number, the results have obvious statistical significance. Conclusion: The neurofilament immunohistochemical method can more clearly show the pathological changes of the motor neuron soma and axon, and the cytoskeleton disorder plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurons after spinal cord injury.