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目的了解大竹县钩端螺旋体病(简称钩体病)暴发流行特征和病原学、血清学情况,为制定防制措施提供科学依据。方法开展钩体病个案调查,采集病人血液;夹夜法测鼠密度,无菌解剖取双肾;无菌采集猪肾、蛙肾、牛中段尿;将采集的标本进行病原学和血清学分离培养,并进行统计学分析。结果钩体病发病8 356例,发病率为878.71/10万;2 459份病人血液和宿主动物标本中分离培养出钩体菌91株,阳性率为3.70%;病人血液钩体菌检出率明显高于鼠肾、鼠肾高于蛙肾(χ~2=427.48,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义;经菌群菌型鉴定为5群8型。七日热群占59.46%,主要从病人血液和蛙肾中分离获得;黄疸出血群为25.68%,主要从鼠肾中分离获得。结论钩体病发病数多,流行强度大,其暴发流行的主要宿主是蛙类和鼠类。
Objective To understand the epidemiology, etiology and serology of leptospirosis in Dazhu County (referred to as leptospirosis) and provide a scientific basis for the development of control measures. Methods A case investigation of leptospirosis was performed to collect the blood of the patients. The density of the mice was measured by the night-time method and the kidneys were dissected sterilely. The porcine kidney, frog kidney and mid-urine of cattle were aseptically collected. The collected specimens were etiologically and serologically separated Cultivation, and statistical analysis. Results The incidence of leptospirosis was 8 356 cases with a prevalence of 878.71 / 100 000. A total of 91 strains of Leptospira were isolated from blood and host animal samples from 2 459 patients, the positive rate was 3.70%. The detection rate of leptospirosis (Χ ~ 2 = 427.48, P <0.05), and the difference was statistically significant; it was identified as 5 groups and 8 types by the bacterial flora. On the seventh heat group accounted for 59.46%, mainly from the patient’s blood and frog kidney were isolated; jaundice hemorrhage group was 25.68%, mainly obtained from the rat kidney. Conclusions The number of leptospirosis is high and the epidemic intensity is high. The main hosts of outbreaks are frogs and rodents.