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该文回顾了历史研究领域自20世纪70年代以来的某些重大发展。文中认为,这些发展大多是效仿叙事或语言转向。福柯思想对历史研究领域的新走向影响很大。文中审视了性别史、底层史以及记忆史的发展。随后评述了叙事或语言转向对传统历史写作领域(其中包括政治史、社会史、经济史和文化史)的不同影响。特别是新文化史自20世纪80年代的崛起与语言转向有着很深的关联,并且产生了视觉转向,开辟了新的研究领域,其中向物质文化的转向在过去十年中尤其具有重要意义。最后,文中讨论了历史写作的跨学科性和互文性趋势,以及跨国史(包括比较史和文化传递史)的普及,其中世界史和全球史尤其令人关注。
The paper reviews some of the major developments in the field of historical research since the 1970s. The article believes that most of these developments follow the narrative or language shift. Foucault’s thinking has a great influence on the new trend of history research. The article examines the gender history, the history of the bottom and the development of memory history. Later on, the different influences of narrative or linguistic turn on the traditional areas of historical writing, including political history, social history, economic history and cultural history, were reviewed. In particular, the rise of the new culture since the rise of the 1980s has been closely linked to the shift in language. It has also produced a shift in vision and opened up new fields of research. The shift toward material culture has been of particular significance in the past decade. Finally, the article discusses the interdisciplinary and intertextual trend of historical writing, as well as the popularization of transnational history (including the history of comparative history and cultural transmission), of which world history and global history are of particular concern.