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目的分析马鞍山市当前狂犬病暴露人群的流行病学状况及处置状况,为加强本市的狂犬病防制工作提供科学的依据。方法采用描述性研究方法,分析预防医学门诊部2008年全年门诊日志登记资料。结果2008年马鞍山市预防医学门诊部共接诊6 322份病例,暴露人群覆盖各年龄组,其中10岁以下儿童和20～59岁成人居多,占总量的68.5%。男3 189例,占50.6%;女3 133例,占49.4%;男女暴露差异无显著性(P>0.05)。肇事动物以犬为主,占95.8%;其次为猫,占2.3%;伤口及时清洗率为58%。在1d内就诊占95%以上。有暴露前接种史的占0.2%。III级暴露患者联合应用狂犬病免疫球蛋白比例为35.2%。结论目前人们对狂犬病暴露后的处置意识较强,疫苗接种意识较好,但对伤口的及时处理没有引起足够的重视,暴露前免疫意识淡薄,狂犬病免疫球蛋白的使用率有待进一步提高。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological status and treatment status of the current rabies exposed population in Ma’anshan City and provide a scientific basis for strengthening the prevention and control of rabies in this Municipality. Methods Descriptive methods were used to analyze the registration data of outpatient clinics in preventive medicine clinics in 2008. Results A total of 6 322 cases were admitted to preventive medicine clinics in Ma On Shan in 2008, exposing people to all age groups. Among them, children under 10 years of age and adults aged 20 to 59 were the majority, accounting for 68.5% of the total. There were 3 189 males (50.6%), 3 133 females (49.4%), and no significant difference between men and women (P> 0.05). Dogs dominated the accident animals, accounting for 95.8%; followed by cats, accounting for 2.3%; wound cleaning rate was 58%. In 1d visits accounted for more than 95%. Before vaccination history accounted for 0.2%. The proportion of rabies immunoglobulin combined with Grade III exposure was 35.2%. Conclusions At present, people are more aware of the treatment of rabies after exposure and the awareness of vaccination is better. However, timely treatment of wounds has not given enough attention, and the immune awareness before exposure is weak. The utilization rate of rabies immunoglobulin needs to be further improved.