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食管癌是指食管鳞状上皮或腺上皮的异常增生所形成的恶性病变,通常分为鳞状细胞癌(简称鳞癌)和腺癌两种主要类型。根据全国肿瘤防治研究办公室发布的最新数据,食管癌在恶性肿瘤中发病率居第五位,死亡率居第四位。全球食管癌的发病率呈现较明显的上升趋势,但80%的新发病例和死亡病例集中在发展中国家。中国是世界食管癌发病率和死亡率最高的国家,无论发病还是死亡人数均占全世界一半以上。引起食管鳞癌的重要因素是吸烟和重度饮酒,而肥
Esophageal cancer refers to the esophageal squamous epithelial or glandular epithelial dysplasia formed by the malignant lesions, usually divided into squamous cell carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma) and adenocarcinoma of the two main types. According to the latest data released by the National Cancer Control Research Office, the incidence of esophageal cancer ranks the fifth in malignant tumors with the fourth highest mortality rate. The incidence of esophageal cancer in the world shows a clear upward trend, but 80% of new cases and deaths are concentrated in developing countries. China is the country with the highest morbidity and mortality of esophageal cancer in the world, accounting for more than half of all the world’s patients regardless of the incidence or death. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is caused by smoking and heavy drinking, and fat