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为从细胞水平研究组培苗玻璃化发生规律及机制,用透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了石竹玻璃化苗解剖结构、细胞亚显微结构及气孔运动特性。结果表明,与正常苗相比,石竹玻璃化苗表皮蜡质层薄,细胞膨大变形,相邻细胞不能紧密嵌合;气孔器畸形,气孔密度降低,开度增大。薄壁组织细胞排列散乱,膨胀变形,部分细胞破裂,溶质外渗;细胞中细胞质稀薄,细胞器稀少,内膜系统遭到破坏;叶绿体中类囊体解体,淀粉粒数量减少,嗜锇颗粒体积增大、数量增多。输导组织发育不良,导管管壁变薄、松弛皱缩,导管腔出现塌陷、堵塞。气孔在脱落酸、黑暗及脱水处理下均不能正常关闭。说明玻璃化苗细胞过度吸水,气孔运动异常,细胞亚显微结构受到破坏,组织结构及功能受损,影响了气体的交换、水分的吸收及物质的合成和运输。
In order to study the regularity and mechanism of vitrification of tissue culture seedlings from the cellular level, the anatomical structure, cellular sub-microstructure and stomatal movement characteristics of vitrified Vitrification were observed by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that compared with normal seedlings, the epidermal waxy layer of Pholiota viticis was thin and the cells expanded and deformed, and the adjacent cells could not tightly fit. Stomatal deformity, stomatal density decreased and opening degree increased. The parenchyma cells were disorganized, swollen and deformed, part of the cells ruptured and solute was extravasated. The cytoplasm of the cells were thin, the organelles were sparse and the endomembrane system was destroyed. The thylakoid in the chloroplast disintegrated, the number of starch granules decreased, the volume of osmiophilic granules increased Large, increasing number. Lead tissue dysplasia, thinning of the catheter wall, relaxation shrinkage, collapse of the catheter lumen, blockage. Stomata in abscisic acid, dark and dehydration can not be properly closed. These results suggest that excessive vitrification of the vitrified seedlings, abnormal stomatal movement, destruction of the sub-microstructure of the cells, impaired tissue structure and function, affecting gas exchange, moisture absorption and material synthesis and transport.