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目的探讨黔南州农村布依族和苗族3~6岁儿童支气管哮喘患病的影响因素,为儿童支气管哮喘的干预措施提供依据。方法将2013年1月-2015年9月在贵州省黔南州中医医院确诊为支气管哮喘的农村3~6岁儿童共463例作为研究对象,其中布依族组234例,苗族组229例,采用自行设计的《黔南州儿童支气管哮喘患病影响因素调查表》进行问卷调查,并对影响儿童支气管哮喘患病的相关因素进行Logistic多元回归分析。结果两民族支气管哮喘发作诱因和季节比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。布依族组家族过敏史、喂养方式、居住环境、居住房屋、居住方式、BMI与苗族组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多元Logistic线性回归分析表明,家族过敏史、食物过敏史、药物过敏史、过敏性鼻炎、依山而居、居住石板房、人畜混住、超重或肥胖是影响两民族3~6岁农村儿童支气管哮喘患病的危险因素。结论黔南州布依族和苗族3~6岁农村儿童支气管哮喘患病影响因素有一定的差别。
Objective To investigate the influencing factors of bronchial asthma in Buyi and Miao children aged 3 ~ 6 in Qiannan Prefecture and provide evidence for the intervention of children with bronchial asthma. Methods A total of 463 rural children aged 3 to 6 years old diagnosed as bronchial asthma in the Qiannan State Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2013 to September 2015 were selected as the study objects, 234 of them in the Buyi group and 229 in the Miao group. A questionnaire survey on influencing factors of children with bronchial asthma prevalence in Qiannan Prefecture was conducted by self-designed method. Logistic multiple regression analysis was conducted on the related factors that affect the prevalence of bronchial asthma in children. Results The causes and seasons of bronchial asthma attacks in two ethnic groups were statistically different (P <0.01). Family history of allergy in Buyi ethnic group, feeding mode, living environment, residential housing, living patterns, BMI and Miao group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that familial allergy history, food allergy history, drug allergy history, allergic rhinitis, mountainous living stone living room, mixed livelihood, overweight or obesity is affecting the two ethnic children aged 3 to 6 years old children with bronchial asthma Risk factors of illness. Conclusion The prevalence of bronchial asthma in rural children aged 3 ~ 6 years in Buyi and Miao nationalities in Qiannan Prefecture are different.