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由于昆虫对Bt毒素抗性的发展,不利于Bt制剂和Bt转基因作物的长期有效使用。但是昆虫对Bt抗性的产生常伴有适合度代价,这种代价能够延缓或阻碍抗性等位基因的发展。许多研究已经证明,有分属鳞翅目、鞘翅目以及双翅目的昆虫Bt抗性品系存在适合度代价。适合度代价往往会受生态因素的影响。而且,昆虫适合度代价的产生与其抗性机制密切相关。庇护所策略延缓抗性发展的能力不仅与敏感种群与抗性种群能否自由交配有关,还与适合度代价的大小及抗性基因的显隐性等因素有关。适合度代价的研究对探讨抗性发展规律以及完善抗性治理策略是非常重要的。本文从适合度代价与抗性发展、抗性机制和抗性治理的关系等方面的进行综述,为发展Bt抗性治理策略提供参考依据。
Due to the development of Bt toxin resistance by insects, long-term effective use of Bt preparations and Bt transgenic crops is not favored. However, insect resistance to Bt is often accompanied by fitness costs, which can delay or hinder the development of resistant alleles. Numerous studies have shown that there is a fitness cost to Bt resistant strains of insects belonging to the order Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera. Fitness costs are often affected by ecological factors. Moreover, the cost of insect fitness is closely related to its resistance mechanism. The ability of shelter strategies to delay the development of resistance is not only related to the ability of sensitive populations and resistant populations to mate freely, but also to factors such as the cost of fitness and the recessiveness of resistance genes. The study of fitness cost is very important to explore the law of resistance development and improve the strategy of resistance management. This article reviews the relationship between fitness cost and resistance development, resistance mechanism and resistance management, and provides a reference for developing Bt resistance management strategy.