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电镜观察了不同禁水时间老龄大鼠下丘脑视上核和室旁核分泌神经元，即加压素和催产素神经元及胶质细胞的超微结构变化。结果显示：禁水６与１２ｈ后，上述两核团中的分泌神经元胞体增大，胞质中粗面内质网（ＲＥＲ）排列紧密且规则、高尔基（Ｇｏｌｇｉ）器的未成熟分泌颗粒及神经分泌颗粒增多、轴突内神经分泌颗粒少见；胶质细胞成份减少，突起回缩；相邻两神经元胞膜直接接触，质膜并列现象及突触增多。而在禁水２４ｈ后，神经元胞体内的神经分泌颗粒有减少，轴突中的神经分泌颗粒却增多并聚集成膨大区域。以上结果提示老龄大鼠视上核和室旁核的分泌神经元在禁水时其合成激素的功能是活跃的，而且催产素神经元的结构变化与加压素神经元结构变化是相似的。胶质细胞的结构变化为神经元质膜并列及突触的形式提供了有利条件。
The ultrastructural changes of neurons secreted by the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, ie vasopressin, oxytocin neurons and glial cells, were observed by electron microscope. The results showed that after 6 and 12 hours’ water forbidding, the cell bodies of secretory neurons in the above two nuclei increased, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in the cytoplasm was arranged closely and regularly. The immature secretory granules of the Golgi apparatus and Increased neurosecretory particles, neurons within the axon secretion of rare particles; glial cell components decreased protrusion retraction; adjacent two membrane direct contact between neurons, plasma membrane parallel phenomenon and increased synapses. In the water for 24 hours, neurons in the body of neurons secreted particles have decreased neuronal secretory neurons in the axons but increased and gathered into the enlarged area. These results suggest that the secretion of neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus of aged rats is active in the synthesis of hormones when they are forbidden to water, and the structural changes of oxytocin neurons are similar to those of vasopressin neurons. Structural changes of glial cells provide a favorable condition for neuronal plasma membrane parallel and synaptic forms.