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代词是英语里面最活跃的词类之一,也是高考英语试题中的考查热点,主要是考查考生在所给的上下文中灵活运用代词的能力。考察热点主要包括不定代词,物主代词,关系代词,连接代词,指示代词等。
一、考查常用不定代词和名词性物主代词的用法
不定代词包括:a little, a few, little, few, either, both, neither, all, every, none, something, everything, anything, nothing等。这些代词在意义上有的表示肯定意义,如a little, a few, something等,有的表示否定意义,如little, few,neither, none, nothing;作用上有的代替或修饰可数名词,如a few, few等,有的则代替或修饰不可数名词,如a little, little等;数量上either, both, neither等表两者;all, every, none等表三者或三者以上。
1. —Which of the two computer games did you prefer?
—Actually I didn’t like . (2008全国卷I)
A. both of themB. either of them
C. none of them D. neither of them
分析:答案为B。根据上文,“你喜欢这两个电子游戏中的哪一个,”“事实上我哪个都不喜欢,”either为两者中的任何一个,故选B。
2. I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldn’t faceday like that.(2009山东卷)
A. other B. another
C. the otherD. others
分析:答案为B。another表示“又一,另一, 别的,另外的”,符合句意。the other指两个中的另外一个。other多与复数名词连用,others后不能接名词。
3. Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didn’t answerof them. (2009陕西卷)
A. otherB. any
C. noneD. some
分析:答案为B。句意:Jane 被问了许多问题,但她一个也没有回答。not any 表示完全否定,也可以说:Jane was asked a lo of questions, but she answered none of them.
4. The CDs are on sale! Buy one and you getcompletely free. (2009全国卷I)
A. otherB. others
C. oneD. ones
分析:答案为C。此题语意为:光盘特价了!买一送一!空白处填one, 指代one CD。
5. There at the door stood a girl about the same height . (2004北京春卷)
A. as meB. as mine
C. with mineD. with me
分析:答案为B。the same…as为固定结构,mine在这儿等于my height。
二、考查关系代词在定语从句中的运用
高考中关系代词主要考查关系代词之间的区别或关系代词与关系副词的区别。
1. The road conditions there turned out to be very good,was more than we could expect. (2008全国卷II)
A. itB. what
C. which D. that
分析:答案为C。此题考查关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中的用法,which指代前面整句话的内容。that不可引导非限制性定语从句, it和what不可引导定语从句。
2. Many children,parents are away working in big cities, are taken good of in the village. (2009安徽卷)
A. their B. whose
C. of themD. with whom
分析:答案为B。考查定语从句。根据句意,先行词是children, 修饰名词parents, 表示“某人的”,所以用关系代词whose。
3. Allis needed is supply of oil.
A. the thingB. that
C. what D. which
分析:答案为B。当先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything
等时,只能用关系代词that。
三、考查连接代词在名词性从句中的运用
高考对连接代词的考查侧重连接代词本身的词义和其在名词性从句中所充当的成分,连接代词有what, that, which, who, whatever, whoever, whichever等。
1. Could I speak tois in charge of International Sales please? (2009全国卷I)
A. whoB. what
C. WhoeverD. whatever
分析:答案为C。Whoever引导名词性从句时,相当于anyone who, 在从句中作主语。
2.we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled. (2008上海春卷)
A. WhatB. Which
C. Whether D. That
分析:答案为A。What引导名词性从句时,相当于the thing that (which), 意为“所……的话 (事,东西)”,它既起引导作用,又在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语。此题What引导主语从句,在从句中充当介词about的宾语,故选A。
3. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different fromtheir parents speak at home. (2008浙江卷)
A. what B. that
C. whichD. one
分析:答案为A。what引导宾语从句,在从句中作speak的宾语。
4.is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. (2008福建卷’27)
A. ItB. What
C. AsD. Which
分析:答案为B。此题What引导主语从句,在从句中作主语, 此题可能会误选A或C。试比较下面两句:
一、考查常用不定代词和名词性物主代词的用法
不定代词包括:a little, a few, little, few, either, both, neither, all, every, none, something, everything, anything, nothing等。这些代词在意义上有的表示肯定意义,如a little, a few, something等,有的表示否定意义,如little, few,neither, none, nothing;作用上有的代替或修饰可数名词,如a few, few等,有的则代替或修饰不可数名词,如a little, little等;数量上either, both, neither等表两者;all, every, none等表三者或三者以上。
1. —Which of the two computer games did you prefer?
—Actually I didn’t like . (2008全国卷I)
A. both of themB. either of them
C. none of them D. neither of them
分析:答案为B。根据上文,“你喜欢这两个电子游戏中的哪一个,”“事实上我哪个都不喜欢,”either为两者中的任何一个,故选B。
2. I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldn’t faceday like that.(2009山东卷)
A. other B. another
C. the otherD. others
分析:答案为B。another表示“又一,另一, 别的,另外的”,符合句意。the other指两个中的另外一个。other多与复数名词连用,others后不能接名词。
3. Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didn’t answerof them. (2009陕西卷)
A. otherB. any
C. noneD. some
分析:答案为B。句意:Jane 被问了许多问题,但她一个也没有回答。not any 表示完全否定,也可以说:Jane was asked a lo of questions, but she answered none of them.
4. The CDs are on sale! Buy one and you getcompletely free. (2009全国卷I)
A. otherB. others
C. oneD. ones
分析:答案为C。此题语意为:光盘特价了!买一送一!空白处填one, 指代one CD。
5. There at the door stood a girl about the same height . (2004北京春卷)
A. as meB. as mine
C. with mineD. with me
分析:答案为B。the same…as为固定结构,mine在这儿等于my height。
二、考查关系代词在定语从句中的运用
高考中关系代词主要考查关系代词之间的区别或关系代词与关系副词的区别。
1. The road conditions there turned out to be very good,was more than we could expect. (2008全国卷II)
A. itB. what
C. which D. that
分析:答案为C。此题考查关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中的用法,which指代前面整句话的内容。that不可引导非限制性定语从句, it和what不可引导定语从句。
2. Many children,parents are away working in big cities, are taken good of in the village. (2009安徽卷)
A. their B. whose
C. of themD. with whom
分析:答案为B。考查定语从句。根据句意,先行词是children, 修饰名词parents, 表示“某人的”,所以用关系代词whose。
3. Allis needed is supply of oil.
A. the thingB. that
C. what D. which
分析:答案为B。当先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything
等时,只能用关系代词that。
三、考查连接代词在名词性从句中的运用
高考对连接代词的考查侧重连接代词本身的词义和其在名词性从句中所充当的成分,连接代词有what, that, which, who, whatever, whoever, whichever等。
1. Could I speak tois in charge of International Sales please? (2009全国卷I)
A. whoB. what
C. WhoeverD. whatever
分析:答案为C。Whoever引导名词性从句时,相当于anyone who, 在从句中作主语。
2.we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled. (2008上海春卷)
A. WhatB. Which
C. Whether D. That
分析:答案为A。What引导名词性从句时,相当于the thing that (which), 意为“所……的话 (事,东西)”,它既起引导作用,又在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语。此题What引导主语从句,在从句中充当介词about的宾语,故选A。
3. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different fromtheir parents speak at home. (2008浙江卷)
A. what B. that
C. whichD. one
分析:答案为A。what引导宾语从句,在从句中作speak的宾语。
4.is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. (2008福建卷’27)
A. ItB. What
C. AsD. Which
分析:答案为B。此题What引导主语从句,在从句中作主语, 此题可能会误选A或C。试比较下面两句: