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目的探讨模拟高原环境对大鼠小肠黏膜形态结构和超微结构的影响,并通过双糖吸收实验考察肠黏膜通透性的改变。方法利用减压舱模拟5 500 m海拔高度,缺氧处理3周后,光镜及透视电镜下观察小肠黏膜上皮细胞形态结构和超微结构的变化。采用HPLC法检测研究对象尿液标本中甘露醇和乳果糖排出率比值。结果与实验对照组比较,高海拔缺氧组大鼠小肠黏膜变薄、肠黏膜水肿、绒毛短缩;超微结构也显示线粒体肿胀、嵴稀疏或消失,微绒毛变短、倒伏和部分缺失,且肠黏膜细胞凋亡也较常见。高海拔缺氧组肠道的通透性显著高于实验对照组(P<0.01)。结论高原缺氧环境可导致小肠黏膜损伤,肠黏膜通透性增加,肠黏膜屏障破坏。
Objective To investigate the effects of simulated high altitude environment on the morphology and ultrastructure of small intestinal mucosa in rats and investigate the changes of intestinal mucosal permeability through disaccharide absorption test. Methods The decompression chamber was used to simulate the altitude of 5 500 m. After hypoxia treatment for 3 weeks, the morphological and ultrastructural changes of small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells were observed under light and electron microscopes. HPLC method was used to test the ratio of mannitol and lactulose in urinary samples. Results Compared with the experimental control group, the small intestine mucosa of rats in high altitude hypoxia group was thinner, the intestinal mucosa was edema and villus shortened. The ultrastructure also showed that the mitochondria were swollen, the spines were sparse or disappeared, the microvilli became shorter, lodging and partly missing, And intestinal mucosal apoptosis is also more common. The intestinal permeability of high altitude hypoxia group was significantly higher than the experimental control group (P <0.01). Conclusion The plateau hypoxia environment can lead to intestinal mucosal injury, increased permeability of intestinal mucosa, and destruction of intestinal mucosal barrier.