材料的低温热传导系数是低温物理及低温工程设计中不可缺少的重要参数。测试方法以经典的纵向热流稳态法最为成熟。六十年代初激光脉冲法问世以来,也开展了用该法快速测低温热传导系数的工作。本文阐述了激光脉冲法及纵向热流稳态法的工作原理及测试系统,并对激光脉冲法在低温下的局限性、纵向热流稳态法的热阻问题及其测试误差进行了分析讨论。文中列出了我们用这两种方法对十几种金属及非金属材料的测试结果。 The low temperature thermal conductivity of materials is an indispensable and important parameter in low temperature physical and low temperature engineering design. The test method is the most mature with the classical longitudinal heat flow steady state method. Since the advent of the laser pulse method in the early 1960s, this method has also been used to quickly measure the thermal conductivity. This paper describes the working principle and test system of laser pulse method and longitudinal heat flow steady state method, and discusses the limitation of laser pulse method at low temperature, the thermal resistance of longitudinal heat flow steady state method and its test error. The article lists our test results of more than a dozen metallic and non-metallic materials using both of these methods.