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大搞农田基本建设,不仅要进行闸沟造田,洽坡修田、开沟排水、平整土地,更重要的是要培肥土壤,建设大寨式的海绵田,这样才能获得高产稳产。海绵田的主要特点是:活土层厚(1尺左右),质地酥软,结构良好,一般水稳性团聚体达27～36％,总孔隙占55％,其中毛管孔隙达40％,大孔隙达15％;土壤有机质和含氮量较高,因而土壤通气透水,保水保肥,土壤肥力较高,为作物生长发育创造了良好的环境条件。培肥土壤的主要措施是增施秸杆肥、农杂肥等有机肥料。
In order to vigorously promote farmland infrastructural development, we not only need to carry out construction of gates and ditches, cultivate fields with slopes, cultivate ditches, drain ditches and level the land. It is even more important to fertilize the soil and build Dazhai-style sponge fields in order to achieve high and stable yields. The main features of the sponge field are: thick soil layer (about 1 foot), soft texture, good structure, the general water stable aggregates up to 27 to 36%, the total porosity of 55%, of which capillary pores up to 40%, macropores Up to 15%; soil organic matter and nitrogen content is higher, so the soil aeration permeable, water and fertilizer, higher soil fertility, crop growth and development to create a good environmental conditions. The main measure to fertilize the soil is to increase the application of straw and fertilizer and other organic fertilizers.