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以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,通过微波辐射制备了淀粉接枝丙烯酸高吸水树脂。研究了淀粉和引发剂类型、引发剂及交联剂用量、丙烯酸中和度、淀粉和单体的配比、微波辐射功率及辐射时间对吸水率的影响。结果表明,经过糊化后所制备的树脂吸水率明显提高,糊化过程减小了淀粉种类对吸水率的影响。过硫酸盐类引发剂是一类高效廉价的引发剂。当引发剂(过硫酸钾)和交联剂的用量分别为丙烯酸的0.3wt%和0.02wt%,中和度为60%,玉米淀粉和丙烯酸质量比为0.25时,经231W微波辐射4min,可获得吸水率为1110g.g-1的高吸水树脂。利用微波技术制备吸水树脂可实现合成、干燥一步完成,且无须氮气保护,明显缩短反应时间、简化工艺、降低成本。
Starch grafted acrylic superabsorbent was prepared by microwave radiation using N, N’-methylenebisacrylamide as the crosslinking agent. The effects of the type of starch and initiator, the amount of initiator and crosslinking agent, degree of neutralization of acrylic acid, the ratio of starch to monomer, the power of microwave radiation and the irradiation time on the water absorption were studied. The results showed that the water absorption of the resin prepared after gelatinization was significantly improved, and the gelatinization process reduced the influence of the starch type on the water absorption. Persulfate initiators are a class of highly effective and inexpensive initiators. When the amount of initiator (potassium persulfate) and crosslinking agent were respectively 0.3wt% and 0.02wt% of acrylic acid, the degree of neutralization was 60% and the mass ratio of corn starch to acrylic acid was 0.25, A super absorbent resin having a water absorption of 1110 g.g-1 was obtained. The use of microwave technology to prepare water-absorbent resin can be synthesized, dried in one step, and without nitrogen protection, significantly shorten the reaction time, simplify the process and reduce costs.