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德国诗人弗里德里希·荷尔德林与德意志民族这个“想象的共同体”之间有着错综复杂的联系。荷尔德林的生前创作包含了一定的民族想象,呼应了民族国家范式在欧洲兴起之初德国人的失落和憧憬。而荷尔德林在20世纪的经典化又与德国作为迟来的民族国家急剧膨胀的民族情绪息息相关。打造民族诗人神话的工程在纳粹时期走向了极端,荷尔德林的诗歌作品遭到误读和滥用,沦为极端民族主义和非正义战争的宣传工具。战后这种解读的流毒逐渐被肃清,荷尔德林作为现代诗人的经典地位得到重新确认。本文梳理荷尔德林的文学作品及其接受与德国民族情结之间的关系,并借助这个案例透视德国特殊的国家发展道路上文学经典与民族认同之间的互动和异化。
There is a complex relationship between the German poet Friedrich Höllling and the German “community of imagination.” Holdinglin’s creation contains a certain amount of national imagination, echoing the loss and longing of the Germans at the beginning of the rise of the nation-state paradigm in Europe. However, the classicization of Holderlin in the 20th century was closely related to the rapid national sentiment of Germany as a belated nation-state. The project of creating the myth of the national poet went extreme during the Nazi period. Holderlin’s poetry was mistakenly read and abused, becoming the propaganda tool of the extreme nationalism and injustice. The post-war narcotics was gradually eliminated and Holderlin was reaffirmed as a classical poet. This article combs Hölderlin’s literary works and their relationship with German national sentiment, and through this case we can see the interaction and alienation between literary canon and national identity in Germany’s special national development.