目的:研究川滇地区麻疯树遗传多样性,探讨居群间亲缘关系,为合理利用麻疯树种质资源及良种选育奠定理论基础。方法:作者运用12对叶绿体微卫星(cpSSR)标记引物对10个麻疯树野生居群进行分析,将扩增出的条带作为原始矩阵,用POPGENE version 1.32软件分析遗传多样性参数,并采用NTSYSpc version 2.10软件进行UPGMA聚类分析,构建系统树状图。结果:共检测到多态性位点22个,多态性位点百分率(P)平均为76.28%。其中,云南双柏(YNSB)居群多态性位点百分率最高,达95.45%;而云南泸水(YNLS)居群多态性位点百分率最低,仅45.45%。Nei’s基因多样性指数He 0.402 0,Shannon信息多样性指数I 0.576 7,有效等位基因数Ae 1.713 6,总基因多样性(HT)0.443 3,基因分化系数Gst 0.080 2,基因流(Nm)3.058 5;居群内基因多样性HS 0.405 1,居群间基因多样性(Dst)0.035 7,表明麻疯树居群内的基因多样性在总居群基因多样性中所占比例较大,麻疯树居群间几乎没有分化;ANOVA分析结果表明,91.02%的变异来源于居群内,8.98%变异来源于居群间,即10个供试麻疯树居群遗传变异主要发生在居群内,居群内的遗传变异大于居群间的遗传变异,这与Nei’s基因分化系数分析结果一致;麻疯树各居群遗传多样性由低到高依次为:云南泸水(YNLS)居群<云南西双版纳(XSBN)居群<四川花棚子(SCHPZ)居群<四川会东(SCHD)居群<四川金河(SCJH)居群<云南普洱(YNPR)居群<四川雷波(SCLB)居群<云南双柏(YNSB)居群<云南法依(YNFY)居群<四川会理(SCHL)居群;10个麻疯树居群的遗传一致度为0.812 7～0.979 8;遗传距离为0.020 4～0.207 3,表明这10个居群间的相似程度较高,遗传距离较小,亲缘关系较近;UPGMA聚类分析显示:10个麻疯树居群可分为两大类,即SCJH居群和SCHPZ居群聚为一类;SCHL居群、SCHD居群、SCLB居群、YNSB居群、YNFY居群、YNPR居群、XSBN居群和YNLS居群聚为另一类。结论:川滇地区麻疯树具有丰富的遗传多样性,但各居群间亲缘关系较近。 OBJECTIVE: To study the genetic diversity of Jatropha curcas in Sichuan-Yunnan region and to explore the genetic relationship among the populations in order to lay a theoretical foundation for the rational utilization of Jatropha curcas germplasm resources and seed selection. Methods: Twelve wild populations of Jatropha curcas were analyzed by using 12 pairs of chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) -labeled primers. The amplified bands were used as the original matrix, and genetic diversity parameters were analyzed by using POPGENE version 1.32 software. NTSYSpc version 2.10 software UPGMA cluster analysis, the construction of the system dendrogram. RESULTS: Twenty-two polymorphic loci were detected, the average percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was 76.28%. Among them, the percentage of polymorphic loci in YNSB population was the highest (95.45%), while the percentage of polymorphic loci in YNLS population was the lowest (45.45%). Nei’s gene diversity index He 0.402 0, Shannon’s information diversity index I 0.576 7, effective allele number Ae 1.713 6, total gene diversity (HT) 0.443 3, gene differentiation coefficient Gst 0.080 2, gene flow (Nm) 3.058 5; Population genetic diversity HS 0.405 1, Population genetic diversity (Dst) 0.035 7, indicating that the genetic diversity within the population of J. curcas accounted for a large proportion of total population genetic diversity, Ma The results of ANOVA showed that 91.02% of the variance came from the population and 8.98% of the variation came from the population, which means that the genetic variation of the population of Jatropha curcas was mainly occurred in the population The genetic variation within populations was greater than that between populations, which was consistent with Nei’s gene differentiation coefficient. The genetic diversity of Jatropha curcas populations from low to high were as follows: Yunnan Lushui (YNLS) population