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润滑剂的特性对齿轮变速箱的工作性能和使用寿命有着严重的影响。有关润滑剂的特性必须通过对变速器及换档部件的实际试验来确定,以便在齿轮箱的设计阶段把这些特性考虑进去。本文就润滑剂对变速箱的主要部件如齿轮、同步器和多片离合器等工作性能及使用寿命的影响采用举例的方式来加以阐述。所有重要的齿面失效如点蚀、灰斑、胶合及其它磨损状况都受到润滑剂粘度和添加剂的影响。由于润滑剂的老化而发生的变化即粘度降低或添加剂失效等而使抗胶合强度和接触强度改变,这都是影响变速器部件使用寿命的因素。换档部件因润滑剂老化而引起的摩擦特性的改变而发生功能障碍。
The characteristics of the lubricant have a serious impact on the performance and service life of the gearbox. The characteristics of the lubricant must be determined by actual tests of the transmission and shifting components in order to take these characteristics into account during the design phase of the gearbox. In this paper, the lubricant on the gearbox main components such as gears, synchronizers and multi-plate clutch and other working performance and service life of the use of an example to illustrate. All important tooth flaws, such as pitting, greyishes, gluing, and other wear conditions, are affected by lubricant viscosity and additives. Changes in resistance to gluing and contact due to changes in lubricant aging, such as reduced viscosity or additive failure, are factors that affect the service life of the transmission components. The shift member is dysfunctional due to a change in the frictional characteristics caused by aging of the lubricant.