目的:探讨儿童冲动行为评估与影响因素。方法:在长沙市随机抽取6~12岁儿童1736名,由家长完成对受试儿童的Barratt冲动量表和家庭情况问卷调查。结果:儿童的冲动性以男性组较高(P<0.01)。BIS总分及运动因子、缺少计划因子得分随着年龄增长而呈下降趋势(P<0.01)。孕期病症组及早产组的儿童冲动性较高(P<0.05)。母亲高学历组、母亲从事技术、干部、教师或医师等职业组的儿童冲动性较低(P<0.01);家庭经济收入处于中上等水平组冲动性较低(P<0.01);父母离异组,父母情绪躁狂、焦虑或抑郁组,教育态度不一致组,不采取说服教育组儿童的冲动性均有明显增高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:儿童冲动行为与围生期因素及家庭养育环境相关。 Objective: To investigate the assessment and influencing factors of impulsive behavior in children. Methods: A total of 1736 children aged 6 ~ 12 years were randomly selected from Changsha. The parents completed the Barratt Impulse Scale and Family Status Questionnaire for the children under study. Results: The impulsivity of children in male group was higher (P <0.01). BIS score and exercise factor, the lack of planning factor score decreased with age (P <0.01). Impulsiveness was higher in pre-term illness group and preterm birth group (P <0.05). The impulsivity of mothers with high education group and their occupational groups such as technology, cadre, teacher or physician was lower (P <0.01); Impulsivity of family income was lower (P <0.01); parents divorced The impulsivity of children in the group with emotional mania, anxiety or depression, and inconsistent educational attitude were significantly higher than those without persuasion (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Conclusion: Impulsive behaviors of children are related to perinatal factors and family rearing environment.