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视网膜中少数神经节细胞能够合成感光蛋白——黑视素(melanopsin),因此具备了自主感光的能力,被称为自主感光神经节细胞(intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells,ipRGCs)。ipRGCs可根据树突形态和分层位置的差异分为五个不同的亚型,其轴突主要投射到视交叉上核、橄榄顶盖前核等脑区,参与调控昼夜节律、瞳孔对光反射等非成像视觉功能。此外,部分ipRGCs的轴突投射到外侧膝状体和上丘,可能在调节成像视觉中发挥功能。本文将概述ipRGCs的发现过程和最新研究进展。
A small number of ganglion cells in the retina are capable of synthesizing the photoprotein, melanopsin, and thus have the ability to autonomously sensitize, called intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). According to the difference of dendritic morphology and stratification, ipRGCs can be divided into five subtypes. The axons mainly project to the suprachiasmatic nucleus and olivopancreatic nucleus, and regulate the circadian rhythm. The pupillary light reflex Such as non-imaging visual function. In addition, the axons of some of the ipRGCs project to the lateral geniculate body and the superior colliculus and may function in modulating imaging vision. This article will outline the discovery of ipRGCs and the latest research progress.