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目的了解深圳市女性外来务工者职业紧张的现状,分析人口学特征对深圳女性外来务工者职业紧张的影响。方法采用职业紧张问卷(OSI-R)和自行设计的人口学资料问卷对深圳2个大型企业(员工达4 000人以上)的非深圳户籍、工作达3个月以上的女员工共2 000人按照随机抽取的方法进行调查,按人口学特征进行分组,比较职业紧张的差异。结果紧张反应得分高于国内常模,个体应对资源得分低于国内常模,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);单因素分析结果显示,职业紧张受年龄、学历、民族、BMI、婚姻状况、收入水平、居住情况等因素影响;多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,年龄、学历、婚姻状况是职业任务和个体应对资源的主要影响因素,年龄、学历是紧张反应的主要影响因素。结论深圳女性外来务工者职业紧张明显,个体应对能力较差,社区、企业应针对性地采取相应措施,改善女性外来务工者的职业紧张情况。
Objective To understand the current situation of professional female migrant workers in Shenzhen and to analyze the impact of demographic characteristics on the occupational stress on female migrant workers in Shenzhen. Methods Using OSI-R and self-designed demographic data questionnaire, a total of 2 000 female employees who worked for more than 3 months in two Shenzhen-based large enterprises (more than 4 000 employees) In accordance with the method of random sampling survey, demographic characteristics grouped to compare the differences in occupational stress. Results The score of stress response was higher than that of the national norm, and the individual resource score was lower than that of the national norm (P <0.01). The results of univariate analysis showed that the occupational stress was affected by age, education, ethnicity, BMI, marriage Income, living conditions and other factors. The results of multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that age, education and marital status were the main influencing factors of occupational tasks and individual coping resources. Age and education were the main influencing factors of stress response. Conclusion Female migrant workers in Shenzhen have obvious occupational stress and their individual coping ability is poor. Communities and enterprises should take appropriate measures to improve occupational stress on female migrant workers.