少突胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中唯一的成髓鞘细胞,膜上分布有大量的兴奋性氨基酸受体和转运体,与神经元及其他胶质细胞构成神经网络;少突胶质细胞可分泌神经营养因子、生长因子和多种轴突生长抑制因子,在生理与病理状态下发挥重要作用。少突胶质细胞与多发性硬化症、缺血性脑白质疏松症、创伤性脊髓损伤、Alzheimer病等疾病密切相关。 Oligodendrocytes, the only myeloid cells in the central nervous system, have a large number of excitatory amino acid receptors and transporters distributed on the membrane and form neural networks with neurons and other glial cells. Oligodendrocytes Secretion of neurotrophic factors, growth factors and a variety of axon growth inhibitory factor, in physiological and pathological state play an important role. Oligodendrocytes are closely related to multiple sclerosis, ischemic leukoaraiosis, traumatic spinal cord injury, Alzheimer’s disease and other diseases.