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1焦虑的时间变化特征早在1968年,斯皮勒等人(Spieg1er,Morris,& Lieber,1968)就报告,焦虑水平的变化取决于测验时间上的不断临近。另外,在测验之前和测验后即刻,测验焦虑研究中确认出的两种焦虑成份之变化模式是不同的。忧虑(焦虑的认知成份)在测验前和测验后逐步提高,而激奋性(对生理状态的知觉)则在临测验之前突然提高。琼斯和凯尔的研究还表明,认知焦虑和躯体焦虑的时间变化模式具有性别差异。
1 Time-varying characteristics of anxiety As early as 1968, Spiel et al. (Morris, & Lieber, 1968) reported that the level of anxiety varies depending on the duration of the test. In addition, the pattern of change in the two anxiety components identified in the test anxiety study was different before and immediately after the test. Worries (cognitive component of anxiety) increased gradually before and after the test, while excitability (perception of the physiological state) suddenly increased before the test. Studies by Jones and Kyle also show that there are gender differences in temporal patterns of cognitive anxiety and physical anxiety.