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[目的]摸清川南地区烟草土壤氮钾供肥水平、烟叶的氮钾吸收利用规律。[方法]研究了泸州市植烟土壤氮钾含量和变化水平,烟株不同时期生物量增长和增长率,烟叶氮钾吸收量和钾氮比。[结果]植烟土壤氮素供应和烤烟对氮素的吸收不好,钾素供应和吸收较好,钾含量和钾氮比高;烤烟移栽后15 d左右土壤氮钾含量过高,流失严重,中后期不足,生物量较低,烤烟旺长期后移,烤烟生物量增长与氮钾供应不协调。[结论]应减少前期氮钾供应量,加大和调整移栽后45～75 d氮钾供应,保持移栽后75 d后一定量钾素的供应,提高烤烟生物量和烟叶含钾量。
[Objective] The research aimed to find out the nitrogen and potassium fertilizer levels of tobacco soil and the absorption and utilization of nitrogen and potassium in tobacco leaves in southern Sichuan. [Method] The contents of nitrogen and potassium in tobacco planting soil and its change level in Luzhou City were studied. The biomass growth and growth rate, nitrogen and potassium uptake and potassium - nitrogen ratio of tobacco plants in different periods were studied. [Result] The nitrogen supply and flue-cured tobacco in tobacco-planting soil had poor nitrogen absorption, good potassium supply and absorption, high potassium and potassium-nitrogen ratio. After 15 days of transplanting, the content of nitrogen and potassium in soil was too high, Serious, lack of middle and late period, low biomass, long-term shift of flue-cured tobacco, growth of flue-cured tobacco and uncoordinated supply of nitrogen and potassium. [Conclusion] The supply of N and K in early stage should be reduced, the supply of N and K in 45 ~ 75 d after transplanting should be increased and adjusted, the supply of certain amount of K should be kept 75 days after transplanting, and the biomass of tobacco and the content of potassium in tobacco should be increased.