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目的建立中国新疆地区哈萨克族7～18岁中小学生超重和肥胖的体重指数(BMI)百分位曲线和界值点参考标准。方法采用横断面调查研究,在中国新疆阿勒泰市及其所属乡镇的中小学采用整群随机抽样方法抽取4所学校(共49个班级)同意参加调查的哈萨克族7～18岁中小学生为调查对象。采集性别、年龄、身高和体重测量资料;应用偏度-中位数-变异系数法建立哈萨克族7～18岁中小学生的BMI百分位曲线;利用儿童青少年超重和肥胖的BMI百分位数曲线在18岁通过国际肥胖工作小组(IOTF)定义的成人超重和肥胖BMI界值点(25kg.m-2/30kg.m-2)和中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)定义的界值点(24kg.m-2和28kg.m-2)的方法,计算出哈萨克族7～18岁各年龄超重和肥胖的BMI界值点。结果共采集7～18岁中小学生2487名,其中男1158名,女1329名。①按照IOTF标准,超重和肥胖的BMI百分位曲线:男性分别为P88.63和P98.28,女性分别为P84.41和P98.12;按照WGOC标准,超重和肥胖的BMI百分位数曲线:男性分别为P92.96和P99.28,女性分别为P90.53和P99.38。②哈萨克族男性超重和肥胖BMI标准曲线低于WGOC和IOTF标准;女性肥胖标准曲线13～14岁前低于WGOC和IOTF标准,之后略高于WGOC和IOTF标准。③哈萨克族男性超重、肥胖的界值百分位曲线均低于或接近的汉族和维吾尔族水平;哈萨克族女性超重界值百分位曲线在14岁前介于汉族和维吾尔族间,之后接近或达到汉族水平;肥胖界值百分位曲线在10岁前低于汉族和维吾尔族水平,14岁后达到或接近汉族水平。结论儿童青少年BMI分布有显著的地域差异和民族差异,哈萨克族中小学生超重和肥胖BMI界值标准不同于IOTF和WGOC所建议的相应标准。因此哈萨克族中小学生超重、肥胖人群的筛查可以参考本研究建立的标准。
Objective To establish a body mass index (BMI) percentile curve and cut-off point reference standard for overweight and obesity among Kazakhs aged 7 ~ 18 years in Xinjiang, China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the total number of primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 in Kazak who participated in the survey in four schools (49 classes in total) in primary and middle schools in Altay, Xinjiang and their townships. . The gender, age, height and weight measurement data were collected. The BMI percentile curve of Kazakh children aged 7-18 years was established using the skewness-median-coefficient of variation-coefficient method. The BMI percentile of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents Curve at the age of 18, as defined by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) at the cutoff point (25 kg.m -2 / 30 kg.m -2) for adults overweight and obesity as defined by the WGOC 24 kg.m-2 and 28 kg.m-2), the BMI cut-off point for Kazakh overweight and obesity aged 7-18 years was calculated. Results A total of 2487 primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 were enrolled, including 1158 male and 1329 female. ① According to the IOTF criteria, the BMI percentiles of overweight and obesity were P88.63 and P98.28 respectively for males and P84.41 and P98.12 for females respectively. The BMI percentiles of overweight and obesity according to WGOC Curves: P92.96 and P99.28 for men, P90.53 and P99.38 for women, respectively. (2) The BMI curve of overweight and obesity in Kazak ethnicity was lower than that of WGOC and IOTF. The female obesity standard curve was lower than WGOC and IOTF before 13-14 years old, slightly higher than WGOC and IOTF standards. (3) The percentage percentile curves of overweight and obesity in Kazak ethnicity were both lower than or close to the Han and Uyghur nationality levels. The Kazakh percentile threshold of overweight bound between Han and Uighur before the age of 14, and then approached Or reached the Han nationality level; the cut-off value curve of obesity threshold was below the level of Han and Uyghur before the age of 10 and reached or approached the Han nationality after 14 years of age. Conclusion There are significant regional and ethnic differences in the distribution of BMI in children and adolescents. The BMI thresholds for overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Kazak are different from the corresponding standards proposed by IOTF and WGOC. Therefore, the screening of overweight and obese people in Kazak primary and secondary school can refer to the standards established in this study.