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本文对郾城郝家台等5个遗址中的龙山墓葬出土人骨进行了稳定碳氮同位素分析。分析结果表明龙山时期的河南地区存在两种截然不同的饮食传统,一种以水稻为主食,食肉较多,可能是受南方文化影响;另一种以小米为主食,食肉较少,明显是河南仰韶时期饮食传统的延续,这两种传统在郝家台和煤山遗址中同时存在。尤其是煤山遗址的情况显示食用水稻的人群地位明显较高,贾庄的情况也支持这一判断。不同饮食传统的地理分布特征可能反映了南、北方文化势力在河南地区的影响范围。这些现象从饮食的角度揭示了龙山时期河南地区的文化交流情况;同时也表明,稳定碳氮同位素分析方法能够突破以器物为对象的传统研究方法的局限,为考古研究提供新信息。
This paper analyzes the stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of the bones unearthed at the Longshan Tombs in 5 sites including Yunjihao and Haojiatai. The results show that there are two distinctly different dietary traditions in Longshan period in Henan Province. One kind of predominantly rice, more meat, may be affected by the Southern culture; the other millet-based food, less meat, apparently Henan The continuation of the dietary tradition in Yangshao period, both of which exist in both Haojiatai and Meishan sites. In particular, the situation at the Meishan site shows that the crowd status of edible rice is significantly higher. The situation in Jiazhuang also supports this judgment. The geographical distribution of different diet traditions may reflect the influence of southern and northern cultural forces in Henan. These phenomena reveal the cultural exchange in Henan during the Longshan period from the point of view of diet. At the same time, it also shows that the method of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis can break through the limitations of the traditional research methods targeting the objects and provide new information for archaeological research.