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随着现代物流业的发展,企业将一些业务如采购外包给第三方物流公司(3PL,Third-Party Logistics)从而专注于发展自己的核心业务已经成为企业参与激烈的市场竞争的手段和趋势。另外,由于产品周期缩短,期权合同在供应链中的应用越来越广泛。因此,考虑期权合同下3PL参与管理企业采购的供应链更具有现实和理论意义。但是,现有文献很少考虑上述假设下3PL联合决策采购数量和服务费用的问题。基于此,本文考虑由一个零售商和一个3PL形成的供应链,分别建立了随机需求条件下,3PL运用期权合同管理采购和零售商管理采购的模型,并运用博弈理论求解了上述情况下零售商和3PL的均衡解。研究表明,只有在一定条件下3PL管理采购才能提高零售商,3PL和系统的利润,且只有当风险非常大的时候零售商才拥有先动优势。
With the development of the modern logistics industry, companies have outsourced some businesses, such as purchasing to third-party logistics companies (“Third Party Logistics”) to focus on the development of their core businesses, and have become the means and trend for enterprises to participate in fierce market competition. In addition, due to the shortened product cycle, the application of option contracts in the supply chain is more and more widely used. Therefore, it is more realistic and theoretical to consider the supply chain of 3PL participating in the management of enterprise procurement under the option contract. However, the existing literature seldom considers the issue of 3PL joint decision procurement volume and service costs under the above assumptions. Based on this, this paper considers the supply chain formed by a retailer and a 3PL, and establishes a model of 3PL using option contract management procurement and retailer management procurement respectively under stochastic demand conditions. The game theory is used to solve the above problems of retailers And 3PL equilibrium solution. Research shows that under certain conditions, 3PL managed purchases can increase the profitability of retailers, 3PLs and systems, and retailers have first mover advantage only when risks are high.