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采用中频无芯感应炉熔炼和砂型铸造的方法,制备了不同Al含量的316L奥氏体不锈钢,利用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、带能谱仪的扫描电镜、电子探针、拉伸试验和腐蚀试验,研究了Al含量对316L不锈钢的组织和性能的影响。结果表明:随Al含量增加,合金的基体相由奥氏体相转变为奥氏体+铁素体双相组织,并出现少量的氮化物;随Al含量增加,铸态和固溶态的316L不锈钢的屈服强度明显增大、抗拉强度先减小后增大、硬度显著增大,而伸长率降低。铸态316L不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能先降低后升高,经过固溶处理的合金的抗晶间腐蚀性能明显提高。Al含量为1.5%的固溶态316L不锈钢具有较好的综合性能,和铸态不加Al的316L不锈钢相比,各项性能指标有了很大提高,它对工业的生产具有极其重要的意义。
The 316L austenitic stainless steels with different Al contents were prepared by IF induction melting furnace and sand casting. The microstructures of 316L austenitic stainless steels with different Al contents were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with electron spectroscopy, electron probe, tensile test and Corrosion test to study the Al content on the microstructure and properties of 316L stainless steel. The results show that with the increase of Al content, the matrix phase changes from austenite to austenite and ferrite, and a small amount of nitrides appear. With the increase of Al content, the as-cast and solid solution of 316L The yield strength of stainless steel obviously increases, the tensile strength decreases first and then increases, the hardness increases significantly, while the elongation decreases. As-cast 316L stainless steel corrosion resistance decreased first and then increased, after solution treatment of the alloy anti-intergranular corrosion improved significantly. The solid solution 316L stainless steel with Al content of 1.5% has better overall performance. Compared with the as-cast 316L stainless steel without Al, the various performance indexes have been greatly improved, which is of great significance to the industrial production .