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目的了解地震灾后,农村居民卫生知识水平,为科学救灾及灾后重建、疾病预防控制工作提供参考。方法分层次普查,对彭州市葛仙山镇随机抽取4个行政村的8 482例村民进行健康教育现况调查。结果经RC行列表χ2检验可知,不同年龄人群对健教信息知晓率不同,20~60岁年富力强人群,获取信息量多,人群知晓率>40%;经RC行列表χ2检验得知,随着文化程度的增高,健康信息的知晓率也提高;各条健康教育信息被村民掌握的程度有差别,喝开水、勤洗手知晓率60%以上受生活习惯影响;吃熟食、少吃凉拌菜仅有22.3%的知晓率;身心伤害在12岁~低年龄组多表现为紧张害怕,50岁~高年龄组人群50%以上都出现害怕、睡眠障碍、身体不适等伤害;村民获取救灾防病知识渠道主要来源于宣传手册(19.9%)、悬挂张贴的宣传画册(18.8%)、村广播(16.3%)、与周边人聊天(17.5%)等,这些方法传播效率高,是行之有效的健康教育干预。结论地震灾后应加大健康宣传教育力度,针对不同人群开展不同内容形式健康教育活动。短时间大面积覆盖健康教育,可以提高灾区群众的自我防病能力,帮助灾区群众走出心理困境,保障灾区群众的身心健康。
Objective To understand the health knowledge of rural residents after the earthquake and provide references for scientific disaster relief, post-disaster reconstruction and disease prevention and control. Methods A total of 8 482 villagers from 4 administrative villages in Gexingshan Town of Pengzhou City were surveyed by level census to investigate the status of health education. Results According to the RC2 chi-square test, people of different ages had different awareness rate of health education and teaching information, and the number of people in the age group of 20 to 60 years old had more information and the awareness rate of the crowd was> 40%. According to the chi square test of RC list, The level of awareness, awareness of health information also increased; health education information is the level of control by the villagers have different degrees, drinking water, wash their hands more than 60% awareness of living habits; eat cooked food, eat cold dishes only 22.3 % Of awareness; physical and mental injury in 12-year-old group more than the performance of nervous, more than 50% of 50-year-old age groups were more than 50% of the fear, sleep disorders, physical discomfort and other injuries; villagers access to disaster prevention and disease prevention knowledge channels They are derived from brochures (19.9%), hanging posters (18.8%), village radio (16.3%), chatting with other people (17.5%), etc. These methods are highly effective and are effective interventions for health education . Conclusion After the earthquake, we should step up publicity and education on health promotion and carry out health education activities with different contents in different groups. Covering health education for a short time in a large area can improve the self-prevention capability of the people in disaster-stricken areas, help the people in the disaster-stricken areas get out of their psychological predicament and ensure the physical and psychological health of the people in disaster areas.