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γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)是哺乳动物中枢神经系统重要的抑制性神经递质之一,也存在于气道平滑肌细胞及气道上皮细胞等周围组织。研究表明,GABA系统与哮喘有密切关系。GABA受体主要分为A型和B型两类。GABAA受体激动剂蝇蕈醇能松弛由速激肽、组胺引起的气道平滑肌的收缩,并能减轻乙酰胆碱引起的气道通气压力增大;而GABAA受体抑制剂能抑制小鼠过敏性哮喘时杯状细胞增生及黏液过度分泌;GABAB受体激动剂可抑制神经诱导的胆碱能和速激肽介导的气道平滑肌收缩,微血管渗漏及过敏反应。由此可见,GABA系统可影响哮喘疾病发病过程中一些病理生理过程,因此GABA系统对治疗哮喘疾病具有重要价值。
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is one of the important inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system of mammals. It is also found in the surrounding tissues such as airway smooth muscle cells and airway epithelial cells. Studies have shown that, GABA system and asthma are closely related. GABA receptors are mainly divided into two types A and B type. GABAA receptor agonist muscimol can relax the contraction of airway smooth muscle caused by tachykinins and histamine, and can reduce the increase of airway pressure caused by acetylcholine. GABAA receptor inhibitor can inhibit the allergic reaction of mice Goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion in asthma; GABAB receptor agonist inhibits nerve-induced cholinergic and tachykinin-mediated airway smooth muscle contraction, microvascular leakage, and anaphylaxis. Thus, GABA system can affect the process of asthma pathogenesis of some pathophysiological processes, so the GABA system for the treatment of asthma disease has important value.