为研究复合材料在双向加载情况下的应力应变特性,基于蚁群算法对双向加载试验中的十字形试件进行优化设计。考虑信息素更新对全局最优解有较大的依赖性,对编码方式和信息素更新公式进行了改进,并通过典型算例对改进后的蚁群算法准确性进行了验证。最后根据复合材料十字形试件设计要求,利用改进蚁群算法与FEM参数化建模相结合的方法对十字形进行了优化设计。由优化结果可知,优化后的试验区应变场均匀度有了很大提高,且优化迭代过程较快。 In order to study the stress-strain behavior of composites under bi-directional loading, the cross-shaped specimen in two-way loading test was optimized based on the ant colony algorithm. Considering that the pheromone update has a great dependence on the global optimal solution, the encoding and pheromone update formulas are improved. The accuracy of the improved ant colony algorithm is verified by a typical example. Finally, according to the design requirements of composite cruciform specimens, the cross shape is optimized by the combination of improved ant colony algorithm and FEM parametric modeling. From the optimization results, it can be seen that the uniformity of strain field in the optimized test area has been greatly improved, and the optimization iteration process is fast.