杨师群《中国历史的教训》诸葛亮是历史上最负盛名的“贤相”之一,但认真考察一下诸葛亮统治下的蜀国,许多方面都存在严重问题。一是庞大的国家机器带给民众沉重负担。只有90多万人口的蜀国,官吏竟达4万多,军队更在15万以上,平均27人养一个官,并负担近5个士兵。民众不但供养着庞大的国家机器,而且青壮年主要在前线军队,处于后方生产第一线的大多为妇孺老幼。庞大的国家机器成 Yang Shiqun “Lessons from Chinese History” Zhuge Liang was one of the most prestigious “virtuous virtues” in history, but seriously examining the Shu State under Zhuge Liang has serious problems in many aspects. The huge national machine brings heavy burden to the public. In Shu, a country with a population of more than 900,000, as many as 40,000 officials and more than 150,000 troops were employed. An average of 27 officers and 27 men were employed and nearly five soldiers were bearers. Not only did the public provide a huge number of state machines, but young and middle-aged men were mainly front-line troops, most of whom were women and children at the front of the production line. A huge national machine into