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鞣质为多元酚类化合物,多年来一直是作为杂质而除去的。近年,尤其是70年代末以来,由于研究手段的更新,鞣质的结构和药理活性逐步为人们所了解,但由于鞣质稳定性差,分子量大(约500～3000),结构中羟基多,给分离工作带来了极大的不便,普通分离方法不易得到纯化合物。我国有许多中药及天然药的活性成分为鞣质,为了进一步阐明药效机理,有必要对鞣质进行深入细致的研究。本文就有关文献报道、国外学者讲学交流及自己工作中的一些体会,对鞣质的分离提取,波谱规律、化学反应及药理活性等方面作一论述。
Tannins are polyhydric phenolic compounds that have been removed as impurities for many years. In recent years, especially since the end of the 1970s, the structure and pharmacological activities of tannins have been gradually understood due to the renewal of research methods, but due to the poor stability of tannins, the molecular weight is large (about 500 to 3,000), and the structure has many hydroxyl groups. Separation work has brought great inconvenience, and ordinary separation methods are not easy to obtain pure compounds. In China, there are many active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and natural medicines as tannins. In order to further elucidate the mechanism of efficacy, it is necessary to carry out meticulous research on tannins. This article discusses the relevant literature, foreign scholars’ lectures and exchanges, and some experiences in their own work. It also discusses the separation and extraction of tannins, spectrum laws, chemical reactions and pharmacological activities.