引言直线自由能关系是化学上一个相当普遍的自然规律。这种关系最早表现在所谓Bronsted酸碱催化定律,然后是有名的Hammett方程,它们都是经验关系式,当时还不知道这种线性关系存在的原因。由于那时还不了解反应速率常数与自由能改变的关系,所以不知道这是直线自由能关系的表现。当反应动力学的过渡状态理论(或称绝对反应速度理论)发展之后,化 INTRODUCTION The relationship between the linear free energy is a fairly common natural law of chemistry. The earliest manifestation of this relationship is the so-called Bronsted acid-base catalysis, followed by the well-known Hammett equation, all of which are empirical relationships, at a time when the linear relationship was not known. Since at that time, the relationship between the rate constant of reaction and the change of free energy was unknown, it is not known that this is a manifestation of the relation of the linear free energy. When the transition state theory of reaction kinetics (or absolute reaction rate theory) is developed,