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针对在厚硬火成岩顶板下的采煤工程实例,理论分析了离层空间形成的机理与条件,并对研究区首采面“空腔型”离层空间位置进行判别;采用数值方法和光纤监测技术对厚硬火成岩下离层空间的演化与覆岩变形特征进行了过程模拟和动态监测分析。研究表明:首采面顶板覆岩共发育5处“空腔型”离层;上覆硬岩运移过程可分为下部支撑、底部离层扩展、失稳运移、离层闭合4个阶段;光纤监测结果在离层位置拉应力值逐渐增大,当离层上覆岩层受自重应力而失稳时,离层由下位岩层逐渐向上位岩层发展,直至发育到上位火成岩为止,这与数值模拟、理论判别结果相一致。
Aiming at the coal mining project under the thick and hard igneous rock roof, the mechanism and condition of the formation of the detachment space are theoretically analyzed, and the position of the first mining face “cavity type ” in the study area is discriminated. The numerical method and The optical fiber monitoring technology has carried on process simulation and dynamic monitoring and analysis of the evolution of the detachment space and the deformation of overlying strata under thick and hard igneous rocks. The results show that there are 5 cavities in the roof of the first mining face, and the cavities can be divided into lower supports, bottom delamination spreading, destabilizing migration and delamination closure 4 The results of optical fiber monitoring show that the tensile stress increases gradually at the position of detachment. When the overlying strata are unstressed by self-weight stress, the detachment layer gradually develops from the lower strata to the upper strata until the upper igneous rock develops It is consistent with numerical simulation and theoretical judgment.