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目的旨在分析开展针具交换工作所遇到的困难和风险,为探讨克服困难、规避风险的策略和措施提供参考。方法对江西省18名针具交换专家、6名工作人员、16名同伴教育员和160名静脉注射毒品者(IDU)进行了调查。结果针具交换工作中存在的困难包括:开展针具交换工作的支持性环境有待改善,可利用资源有限;工作人员对IDU情况了解不多,对工作质量没有直接控制权,对同伴教育员控制力不够和缺乏有效的监督手段;同伴教育员工作积极性不高,开展工作的时间和精力有限等。风险包括:工作人员受到吸毒人员的恐吓、威胁和伤害;存在被污染针具划伤的危险等。结论加强领导开发,部门协调,社区宣传;提高同伴教育员数量和质量;加强工作过程监督;加强安全防范,保障工作人员和同伴教育员人身、财产安全等措施有利于困难和风险的应对。
The purpose is to analyze the difficulties and risks encountered in carrying out the needle exchange work, and to provide reference for the discussion of strategies and measures to overcome difficulties and avoid risks. Methods A total of 18 needle exchange specialists, 6 staff members, 16 peer educators and 160 IDUs in Jiangxi Province were investigated. Results Difficulties in the exchange of needles include: The supportive environment for the needle exchange work needs to be improved, and the available resources are limited; the staff do not know much about the IDU, and have no direct control over the quality of the work. They are controlled by peer educators. Insufficient strength and lack of effective monitoring tools; peer educators work enthusiasm is not high, the time and energy to carry out work is limited. Risks include: staff intimidation, threats and injuries by drug addicts; risk of being contaminated with needles. Conclusion Strengthen leadership development, department coordination, and community propaganda; increase the number and quality of peer educators; strengthen work process supervision; strengthen safety precautions, and ensure personal and property safety of staff and peer educators, etc. Measures are conducive to difficulties and risks.