目的:建立GC-MS法分析小金丸中的特征成分。方法:采用无水乙醇超声提取小金丸中的挥发性成分,再采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术和自动质谱解卷积定性系统(AMDIS)对其特征成分进行定性分析。结果:共鉴定出53个化学成分,含天然麝香小金丸中鉴定出30个化合物,而含人工麝香小金丸中鉴定出23个化合物。含天然麝香小金丸中检测出7个特征成分,分别是棕榈酸乙酯;乙酸脱氢异雄甾酮;3-乙基-3-羟基-雄甾烷-17-酮;去氢表雄酮;雄甾酮;3,17-二酮雄甾烷;3,17-二醇雄甾烷,其相对质量分数分别为0.11%,1.12%,2.80%,1.59%,0.56%,1.99%,1.22%。特征成分中的甾体类化合物来自于天然麝香,酯类化合物可能是天然麝香中的某些化合物与其他药物配伍反应生成的物质。结论:该方法特征性强、方法简便、重复性好,为区分含天然麝香小金丸和含人工麝香小金丸提供参考依据。 Objective: To establish a GC-MS method to analyze the characteristic components in Xiaojin Pills. Methods: The volatile components in Xiaojin Pills were extracted with anhydrous ethanol, and the qualitative components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and automatic deconvolution system (AMDIS). Results: A total of 53 chemical constituents were identified, of which 30 compounds were identified in natural musk Xiaojin pills and 23 compounds were identified in artificial musk Xiaojin pills. There are seven characteristic components detected in natural musk Xiaojin pills, which are ethyl palmitate, dehydroepiandrosterone acetate, 3-ethyl-3-hydroxy-androstane-17-one, dehydroepiandrosterone, Androsterone; 3,17-dione androstane; 3,17-diol androstane, the relative mass fraction of 0.11%, 1.12%, 2.80%, 1.59%, 0.56%, 1.99%, 1.22% . The steroid compounds in the characteristic components are derived from natural musk, and the ester compounds may be formed by the reaction of certain compounds in natural musk with other drugs. Conclusion: The method is characterized by strong specificity, simple method and good reproducibility. It provides a reference for distinguishing between natural musk Xiaojin pills and artificial musk Xiaojin pills.