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本文综述了脊髓外部动脉即根动脉的来源、走行和供血特点，根动脉与脊髓神经伴行的位置关系，根动脉与脊髓前、后动脉吻合形态学特征。大根动脉的出现部位，血供特点。脊神经根与马尾为两套供血系统：远侧端由脊神经节丛供给；近侧端由软膜下动脉丛供给，它们的供血范围各占神经根与马尾长度的一半。脊髓内部的血管分布由：①中央动脉系统即由脊髓前动脉发出，经前正中裂穿脊髓实质，每ｃｍ脊髓出现营养动脉支数胸段最少，只有２～５支，而颈、腰段分别为５～８支／ｃｍ和５～１２支／ｃｍ。每一条中央动脉的终未支纵向覆盖长度为１０～２０ｃｍ；②周围动脉系统即软脊膜下动脉丛的穿支。两系统的终未动脉一般无毛细血管前吻合。
This article reviews the origin, travel and blood supply of the external artery of the spinal cord, the positional relationship between the root artery and spinal nerves, and the anastomosis morphology of the anterior and posterior arteries. The appearance of the root artery, blood supply characteristics. Spinal root and cauda equina two sets of blood supply system: the distal end of the supply from the spinal ganglion; proximal end of the supply by the subdural artery plexus, and their supply of blood each of the nerve root and tail length of half. Spinal cord blood vessels within the distribution by: ① central artery system that is issued from the anterior spinal cord, the median nerve before the break through the spinal cord parenchyma, every cm spinal cord nutrition artery count thoracic at least, only 2 to 5, while the neck and lumbar segments 5 to 8 branch / cm and 5 to 12 branch / cm. The length of each central artery unbending longitudinal coverage of 10 ~ 20cm; ② peripheral arterial system that is the subrethral artery bundle perforation. The final two arteries are generally non-capillary anastomosis without capillaries.