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目的了解在四川省开展“千村万户”结核病健康促进干预活动对提高公众结核病知识知晓率近期及远期效果,为更有效开展结核病防治健康教育工作提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,使用统一的调查问卷,干预前后分别对3万余人进行结核病防治核心知识的问卷调查,干预活动结束3年后(2015年)又随机抽取2466名居民进行结核病核心知识的问卷调查。分析干预前后公众的结核病防治知识知晓情况。采用Epidata 3.1录入问卷,Excel 2010整理数据,SPSS 19.0进行统计学分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果活动前核心信息知晓率为54.2%,活动1年后总知晓率上升为63.1%,而活动结束3年后,核心信息知晓水平下降为58.7%,干预前后及干预3年后,居民核心信息知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ2=11 611.606,P<0.05)。结论实施“千村万户”结核病健康促进干预,可明显提高公众结核病知识知晓率,但远期效果不佳。建议健康促进干预活动要持之以恒,长期开展,并应该有针对性地采取灵活多样的策略和方法开展结核病防治知识健康传播活动。
Objective To understand the short-term and long-term effects of raising TB awareness in public in TBM in Sichuan Province and provide the basis for more effective prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. Methods A multistage stratified random sampling method was used to survey the core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control for more than 30,000 people before and after the intervention using a unified questionnaire. A total of 2466 residents were randomly selected three years after the end of the intervention (2015) Conduct a questionnaire on core knowledge of tuberculosis. Analysis of public awareness of tuberculosis prevention knowledge before and after intervention. Using Epidata 3.1 entry questionnaire, Excel 2010 finishing data, SPSS 19.0 for statistical analysis, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The awareness rate of core information before the activity was 54.2%, the total awareness rate increased to 63.1% after 1 year of activity, and that of the core information decreased to 58.7% after 3 years of activity. Before and after the intervention and 3 years after the intervention, the core information There was a significant difference in awareness rate (χ2 = 11 611.606, P <0.05). Conclusions The implementation of tuberculosis health promotion intervention of “one thousand villages and one million households” can obviously raise the public awareness rate of tuberculosis knowledge, but the long-term effect is not good. Health promotion interventions should be recommended to be persistent and long-term, and should take a flexible and diversified strategies and methods to carry out TB prevention and control knowledge and health communication activities.