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目的:探讨合理的膳食结构与儿童成长发育中身高、体质量、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)的关系。方法:按照常规营养调查法分别于1989和1999年对泰安市同一所幼儿园的163名和175名儿童进行膳食调查、体格检查及生化检验。结果:1999年的膳食结构更趋于合理。蛋白质、维生素B1、烟酸供给量均已达到或超过中国营养学会推荐每日膳食中营养素供给量(recommendeddietaryallowance,RDA);而钙(5岁男童为423mg,女童为416mg;6岁男童为448mg,女童为422mg)及维生素当量(5岁男童为448mg,女童为442mg;6岁男童为546mg,女童为542mg)仅约为RDA的50%及70%,还存在不足。1999年通过膳食结构改善后儿童身高、体质重、血红蛋白犤6.0～6.9岁男童分别为(118.5±4.7)cm,(21.2±4.1)kg,(131.5±8.8)g/L犦均较1989年犤(98.0±4.2)cm,(16.0±1.6)kg,(121.4±7.4)g/L犦有明显增加(t=4.4～20.8,P<0.01);贫血率由10年前的17.5%降至4.7%。结论:合理的膳食结构能使儿童发育过程中身高、体质量明显提高,贫血症状得到改善。
Objective: To explore the relationship between reasonable dietary structure and height, body mass and hemoglobin (Hb) in children. Methods: According to the routine nutrition survey, dietary surveys, physical examinations and biochemical tests were performed on 163 children and 175 children in the same kindergarten in Tai’an City in 1989 and 1999 respectively. Results: The dietary structure in 1999 tended to be more reasonable. The supply of protein, vitamin B1 and niacin all reached or exceeded the recommended dietary nutrient supply recommended by the Chinese Nutrition Society (RDA); while calcium (423 mg for 5-year-old boys and 416 mg for girls); 6-year-old boys were 448mg for girls and 422mg for girls) and vitamin equivalents (448mg for 5-year-old boys and 442mg for girls; 546mg for 6-year-old boys and 542mg for girls) is only about 50% and 70% of RDA. The height and weight of children with improved dietary structure in 1999 were (118.5 ± 4.7) cm, (21.2 ± 4.1) kg and (131.5 ± 8.8) g / L, respectively, compared with those in 1989 (98.0 ± 4.2) cm, (16.0 ± 1.6) kg and (121.4 ± 7.4) g / L 犦 increased significantly (t = 4.4-20.8, P <0.01) .The rate of anemia decreased from 17.5% 10 years ago 4.7%. Conclusion: A reasonable dietary structure can improve the height and body mass of children during development, and improve the symptoms of anemia.