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目前中低轨的卫星在轨测控主要基于地面测控设备,当管理的在轨卫星数量持续增加时,需要不断地建设新的测控站或增加测控设备,同时由于地球遮挡限制,一个地面测控站的测控范围只占一颗卫星运行弧段的很小部分,集中在国内建设的地面测控站无法解决轨道全弧段覆盖难题。地球静止中继卫星系统的高覆盖特性和多址服务能力为近地卫星在轨测控提供了空间和频域的多重复用能力,文章从中继链路性能、多目标服务项目、多目标服务能力、覆盖特性等方面进行了详细分析,结果表明在现有的管理模式下,3颗具有多址能力的中继卫星就能管理中国目前在轨的和今后一段时间发射的所有近地卫星,这将显著降低在轨卫星对地面测控设备的需求。同时,中继多址测控服务模式可以克服现有在轨卫星管理时间域集中和应急能力差的缺陷,为卫星用户提供更多的服务手段,满足不同在轨卫星管理和使用要求,大幅提升在轨卫星的安全性和使用效率。
At present, low-orbit rail satellite orbit monitoring and control is mainly based on the ground monitoring and control equipment. As the number of orbiting satellites under management continues to increase, it is necessary to constantly construct new monitoring and control stations or increase the monitoring and control equipment. At the same time, Measurement and control range only accounts for a small part of a satellite arc, focusing on the construction of the ground control station can not solve the problem of coverage of the whole orbit arc. The high coverage and multiple-access capabilities of geostationary-satellite systems provide multiple spatial and frequency multiplexing capabilities for near-Earth satellite in-orbit monitoring and control. This paper analyzes the performance of the geostationary satellite system from relay link performance, multi-target service, multi-target service capability And coverage characteristics. The results show that under the current management mode, three multi-access capable satellites can manage all the near-space satellites that China is currently in orbit and some time in the future. Will significantly reduce the orbit satellite on the ground monitoring and control equipment needs. At the same time, the relay multiple access measurement and control service mode can overcome the shortcomings of the existing centralized or emergency capabilities in on-orbit satellite management time domain and provide satellite users with more service means to meet different on-orbit satellite management and use requirements, Rail satellite security and efficiency.