分析不同海底参数对环境噪声垂向空间特性的敏感度,根据海底密度对环境噪声垂直指向性的小掠射角部分不敏感,而对等效海底损失的大掠射角部分相对敏感的特点,提出了一种海洋环境噪声分步反演地声参数方法:先用环境噪声垂直指向性小掠射角部分反演海底声速、衰减;之后利用大掠射角部分来反演海底密度。仿真算例和海上实验数据处理结果验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明:分步反演加强了匹配物理量对海底参数敏感部分的关注,在反演结果精度(海底密度)以及反演效率上都有所改善,具有一定可行性。 The sensitivity of different seafloor parameters to the vertical spatial characteristics of environmental noise is analyzed. According to the characteristics that the seabed density is not sensitive to the small glancing angle of the vertical directivity of environmental noise, but relatively sensitive to the large glancing angle of equivalent seafloor loss, A method of subsony inversion of marine environmental noise is proposed. The method first retrieves the seafloor sound velocity and attenuates the seafloor with a small vertical grazing angle of environmental noise, and then inverts the seafloor density using a large grazing angle. Simulation results and experimental data processing at sea validate the effectiveness of this method. The results show that the step-by-step inversion enhances the focus of the matching physical quantities on the sensitive part of the seafloor parameters, and improves the inversion accuracy (seafloor density) and the inversion efficiency, which is feasible.