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描述一种在加压(1-100bar)和控温流动条件下利用一个空轮形流动模拟器测量乳状液黏度的方法。当模拟器轮子旋转时,其中的液体以旋转相反的方向运动,作用在轮轴上的扭矩通过校正模型转换成流体的黏度而被测量出来。这个方法已应用到北海油田压力100bar、含水率0-90%的一些含气原油油包水乳状液的黏度测试中。测试表明,该方法对较小仪器中含气原油体系油包水乳状液黏度测试非常有效。尽管所研究的原油很不相同,黏度差异也很大,但相对黏度作为含水率至少达60%的函数,所显示出的变化并不大,通常可用典型曲线来表示。实验中得到的相对黏度与一个随温变化的Richardson型关系式进行了对比。另外三个关系式分别由Mooney、Pal和Rhodes(P&R)及Pal提出。通常,若偏重测量数据,P&R的关系式给出了最佳拟合,与Mooney关系式很接近,但对于低介质含水率来说,Ronningsen关系式与以上相当,这个关系式测量不需作任何校正。在实际作业设计目标中,虽然在低介质含水率时可能有点保守,但在高含水率时比较乐观它提供了一个相当精确有效的测量流体黏度的方法。所发现的Pal最新关系式对校正点的选择非常敏感,因此,对低含水率或高含水率都很不准确。
Describe a method for measuring the viscosity of emulsions using an empty wheel flow simulator under pressurized (1-100 bar) and temperature controlled flow conditions. As the simulator wheel rotates, the fluid moves in the opposite direction of rotation, and the torque acting on the axle is measured by converting the model to fluid viscosity. This method has been applied to the viscosity tests of some gas-oil-in-water water-in-oil emulsions with a pressure of 100 bar in the North Sea field and a moisture content of 0-90%. Tests show that this method is very effective for viscosity measurements of water-in-oil emulsions of gas-bearing crude oil systems in smaller instruments. Although the crude oils studied are very different and have very different viscosity differences, the relative viscosity, as a function of moisture content of at least 60%, shows little change and is usually expressed as a typical curve. The relative viscosity obtained in the experiment is compared with a Richardson type relation with temperature. The other three relationships are proposed by Mooney, Pal and Rhodes (P & R) and Pal, respectively. In general, the P & R relationship gives the best fit if the measurement data are weighted, and is very close to the Mooney’s relation, but for the low medium moisture the Ronningsen’s relation is the same as above, and the relational measure does not require any Correction. In practical operational design goals, although somewhat conservative at low medium moisture rates, it is more optimistic at high water cut rates and provides a reasonably accurate measure of fluid viscosity. The Pal’s newest correlations found are sensitive to the choice of calibration points and are therefore not accurate for low or high water cut.