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80年代的文化研究重新提出了中国文化近代化的开端问题,但对这个问题的论证基本局限在精英文化的层次。研究的深入,有待扩大视野。从社会史的领域发掘大众文化资料,是这一课题取得进展的关键。社会的近代化往往以文化的近代化为先导,文化的近代化又必然以社会的近代化为依归,这两者的发展需要同步运行,却并非同时开启。中国文化的近代化起自明清之际,经历着开启——中断——再开启的过程。中国早期启蒙与西方人文启蒙的不同特色是政治伦理的启蒙,这主要表现在对忠君信条的怀疑与抨击,而且下延到广大民众,蔚为非君、非圣、非经思潮。早期启蒙的最高成就是提出“抑尊”思想,从非君到抑尊是中国政治思想史上的飞跃。
Cultural studies in the 1980s reintroduced the question of the beginning of the modernization of Chinese culture, but the argument on this issue was basically confined to the level of elite culture. In-depth study, pending the expansion of horizons. The exploration of mass cultural materials from the field of social history is the key to making progress on this issue. The modernization of society often takes the modernization of culture as the guide, and the modernization of culture inevitably depends on the modernization of society. Both of these developments need to be run simultaneously, but not simultaneously. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, the modernization of Chinese culture has undergone the process of opening - breaking - reopening. The different characteristics of early enlightenment in China and human enlightenment in the West are the enlightenment of political ethics. This is mainly manifested in the suspicion and attack on the faith of loyalty and the extension to the general public. The highest achievement of early enlightenment was to put forward the idea of “suppressing respect for respect”. From the non-monarch to the respect of respect is a leap in the history of Chinese political thought.