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目的:了解常州市待孕妇女优生优育知识、态度、行为及其影响因素,为相关部门制定干预策略,降低新生儿出生缺陷发生率提供依据。方法:以2014年1-6月常州市自愿参加免费孕前优生健康检查的待孕妇女为研究对象,采用自填式问卷调查法进行调查。结果:优生优育各知识点回答正确率为81.4%-96.3%,各知识点全部回答正确率为56.5%。在对待优生优育态度方面,对“预防出生缺陷具体服务项目”认同率为95.6%-98.8%,对各服务项目全部认同的占89.6%。待孕妇女中吸烟者占4.2%,被动吸烟者占63.4%,饮酒者占18.6%,待孕妇女参加过婚前体检者占70.4%。相关性分析显示,优生优育知识和优生优育态度之间呈正相关(r=0.198,P<0.01),而知识与行为、态度与行为之间则无相关性。结论:常州市待孕妇女优生优育知识掌握较好,但不全面,多数人存在不利于优生优育的行为。普及各类优生优育知识,转变消极的优生态度,依照健康信念模式促进待孕妇女优生优育行为的形成,对预防出生缺陷有重要作用。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the knowledge, attitude, behavior and its influencing factors of prenatal and postnatal care for pregnant women in Changzhou City, and to provide basis for relevant departments to formulate intervention strategies and reduce the incidence of birth defects. Methods: The pregnant women who volunteered to participate in the free pre-pregnancy eugenics examination in Changzhou from January to June 2014 were selected as research subjects and were investigated by self-contained questionnaire. Results: The correct rate of all the knowledge points of prenatal and postnatal care was 81.4% -96.3%, and the correct rate of all the knowledge points was 56.5%. In terms of treatment of prenatal and postnatal care, the recognition rate of 95.6% -98.8% for the “specific service items for preventing birth defects” and 89.6% for all the services identified. 4.2% of pregnant women to be smokers, 63.4% of passive smokers, 18.6% of drinkers, and 70.4% of pregnant women who participated in pre-marital medical examinations. Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between eugenics and prenatal and postnatal care (r = 0.198, P <0.01), while there was no correlation between knowledge and behavior, attitude and behavior. Conclusion: Changzhou pregnant women with prenatal and postnatal care knowledge of prenatal and postnatal care better, but not comprehensive, most people are not conducive to prenatal and postnatal care behavior. The popularization of all kinds of prenatal and postnatal care knowledge, the change of negative eugenics attitude, in accordance with the healthy and faithful patterns to promote pregnant women, prenatal and postnatal care and birth behavior, prevention of birth defects play an important role.