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目的探讨昭通市麻疹发病的影响因素,为预防控制麻疹提供科学依据。方法选择2014-2015年昭通市发病率高的2个县(区)所有麻疹实验室确诊病例,采用1∶2匹配病例对照研究方法开展调查。结果 67组<8月龄、80组8月龄-14岁、14组≥15岁病例对照纳入分析。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,3组人群麻疹发病的危险因素均为就诊史(OR=56.02,95%CI:14.24-220.36;OR=17.09,95%CI:5.71-51.15;OR=6.39,95%CI:1.35-30.19);接触史是<8月龄组麻疹发病的危险因素(OR=18.29,95%CI:2.88-116.08);母亲含麻疹成分疫苗(MCV)接种史(OR=0.18,95%CI:0.04-0.84)、儿童接种史(OR=0.01,95%CI:0.003-0.04)和村医及时通知(OR=0.05,95%CI:0.004-0.54)是8月龄-14岁组麻疹发病的保护因素。结论控制院内感染、提高儿童麻疹疫苗覆盖率、提高人群防病意识及预防接种人员服务意识是控制麻疹的可行措施。
Objective To explore the influencing factors of measles in Zhaotong and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of measles. Methods All confirmed cases of measles in 2 counties (districts) with high morbidity from 2014 to 2015 in Zhaotong City were selected and investigated by 1: 2 matched case-control study. Results 67 cases <8 months old, 80 cases of 8 months old-14 years old, 14 cases ≥ 15 years old controls were included in the analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of measles in all three groups were all visiting history (OR = 56.02,95% CI: 14.24-220.36; OR = 17.09,95% CI: 5.71-51.15; OR = 6.39,95% (OR = 0.18, 95, CI: 1.35-30.19). The exposure history was the risk factor for the onset of measles in the <8 month old group (OR = 18.29,95% CI: 2.88-116.08) (OR = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.003-0.04) and the village doctor timely notification (OR = 0.05,95% CI: 0.004-0.54) were among 8 months old and 14 years old Protection of measles pathogenesis. Conclusion It is a feasible measure to control measles by controlling the nosocomial infection, increasing the coverage of measles vaccine in children, raising awareness of disease prevention among residents and preventing the vaccination staff from serving.