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随着工农业生产的发腱,人们与化学物的接触机会愈益增多,职业中毒中约1/4是经皮肤吸收所致。空气中毒物的浓度,即使低于最高容许浓度,毒物仍会由皮肤侵入人体而引起中毒。农药中毒原因有71.4％是由皮肤吸收而引起。农田杀虫脒喷药员皮肤的污染量为呼吸道吸入量的120倍。车间内杀虫脒包装工仅两前臂皮肤表面的污染量已为呼吸道吸入量的26.7倍。国外最近提出由于喷洒农药而沉积在所接触皮肤表面的量为呼吸道吸入量的20～1,700倍。可见,研究毒物经皮肤吸收的防护,有着重要的实际意义。本文旨在述及毒物经皮肤吸收的防护研究现况,并提出为现场接触化学物的防护措施。
With the industrial and agricultural production of hair tendons, people have more and more opportunities for exposure to chemicals, occupational poisoning in about 1/4 by the skin due to absorption. Air poisoning concentration, even below the maximum allowable concentration, poison will still invade the human body by the skin and cause poisoning. 71.4% of the causes of pesticide poisoning are caused by skin absorption. Farmland chlordimeform spray drug skin pollution is 120 times the amount of respiratory tract inhalation. Chlordimeform packers in the workshop had only 26.7 times the amount of respiratory tract ingestion on both forearm skin surfaces. Foreign recently proposed due to spraying pesticides deposited on the surface of the skin in contact with the amount of respiratory tract inhalation of 20 to 1,700 times. It can be seen that it is of great practical significance to study the protection of poisons absorbed through the skin. The purpose of this article is to address the current state of research on the protection of poisons against transdermal absorption and to propose protective measures for on-site exposure to chemicals.